Namely, it was aimed to develop a procedure for eliciting the CLR-like experience in a laboratory setting and then examining different aspects of the “here and now” perspective. Due to this reason, this study was driven to introduce an alternative methodology. As a result, we know almost nothing about the cognitive processes that underlie the CLR, its neural basis, or its evolutionary importance. To date, the methodology of CLR research is limited to retrospective self-reports. The scientific research on CLRs in real-life situations has been confounded both by methodological limitations and trivial ethical reasons. What does the phenomenon of the CLR really stand for? Is it just a metaphor to express personal experience beyond description? Alternatively, is it a real experience of sped-up AM functioning? The CLR may be also seen as an example of false memories, similar to dream memories or memories of stressful events. This idea is featured in numerous works of literature, film, cartoons, and anecdotes, such as Sam Mendes’s “American Beauty” (1999), Cameron Crowe’s “Vanilla Sky” (2001), and Danny Boyle’s “127 Hours” (2010). The notion of life “flashing” before our eyes in the face of any danger has been widely assimilated by popular culture. Neither an affective tone nor recurrent themes in CLRs were found to be consistent. Similarly, they described the CLR as successive or simultaneous and indicated either a first- or third-person perspective with the same frequency. The authors demonstrated that CLR experiencers were equally likely to report their CLR in chronological, associative, or random order. qualitatively analyzed in-depth interviews of seven volunteers who had self-reported a CLR. The data on CLR phenomenology are extremely mixed. A CLR was found in 13–30% of subjects with NDEs, leaving an impression of countless images of everything the person had experienced from early childhood to the present. Sometimes, a CLR coincides with a so-called near-death experience (NDE), i.e., an umbrella term for atypical states of mind occurring during the temporary loss of consciousness. Some components of CLRs are associated with self-reports after life-threatening situations in which death seemed very probable: serious traffic accidents, mountaineering accidents, and shipwrecks. I saw myself as the chief character in the performance…”. He wrote: “…I saw my whole past life take place in many images, as though on a stage at some distance from me. For instance, one of the earliest examples was from Albert Heim, a Swiss geologist, who recollected his experience during a fall of 70 ft from a cliff face in the Alps. The earliest reports of this kind were published in the 19th century. Therefore, CLR studies have real-world implications, as they are in search of new avenues to assist people in stressful life circumstances.ĭozens of self-reported descriptions exist of an experience that may be summarized by the idiom ‘‘my whole life flashed before my eyes”. As survivors are the main source of information on CLRs, this hints that the phenomenon might be of a high adaptive value in helping to perform rescue actions. Although a commonly accepted model of the CLR is lacking, further systematic investigations might be beneficial in order to understand AM mechanisms and functions. The compressed life review (CLR), also known as panoramic memories, total recall, replay of past experiences, or the life-review experience, is an intriguing mental phenomenon implying the extreme, yet instantaneous, manifestation of autobiographical memory (AM). The data suggest that CLR-like phenomenology may be successfully induced by triggering short-term access to the verbally cued SDMs and may be associated with specific patterns of visual activity that are not reportedly involved with deliberate autobiographical retrieval. In both conditions, stimuli caused relative visual immobilization, in contrast to listening to a single neutral phrase, and a choir of neutral phrases that led to active visual exploration. A significant similarity in eye movement patterns between a single SDM condition and a choir of SDM conditions in self-reported CLR experiencers was confirmed. The technique evoked a self-reported CLR-like experience in 10 out of 20 participants. It consists of listening to superimposed audio recordings of previously trained verbal cues to an individually composed set of self-defining memories (SDMs). A novel theoretically rooted laboratory-based experimental technique aimed to elicit the CLR-like experience with no risk to healthy participants was developed. To depart from this methodology, I considered the long-term working memory (WM), “concentric”, and “activation-based” models of memory. This research was guided by concerns over the retrospective methodology used in CLR studies. The compressed life review (CLR) is a mnemonic illusion of having “your entire life flashing before your eyes”.
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